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Most evaluations need to investigate what is causing the outcomes and impacts of an intervention. (Some process evaluations assume that certain activities are contributing to intended outcomes without investigating these). Sometimes it is useful to think […]
One of the tasks involved in understanding causes is to check whether the observed results are consistent with a cause-effect relationship between the intervention and the observed impacts. Some of the options for this task […]
One of the three tasks involved in understanding causes is to compare the observed results to those you would expect if the intervention had not been implemented – this is known as the ‘counterfactual’. Many […]
All impact evaluations should include some attention to identifying and (if possible) ruling out alternative explanations for the impacts that have been observed. Options Force Field Analysis: providing a detailed overview of the variety of forces that may […]
Analysing data to summarise it and look for patterns is an important part of every evaluation. The options for doing this have been grouped into two categories – quantitative data (number) and qualitative data (text, images). […]
Bringing together data into an overall conclusion and judgement is important for individual evaluations and also when summarising evidence from multiple evaluations. Tasks 1. Synthesise data from a single evaluation An evaluation needs to produce an […]
To develop evaluative judgments, the evaluator draws data from the evaluation and systematically synthesizes and values the data. There are a range of options that can be used for synthesis and valuing. Options Processes Consensus Conference: […]
These options answer questions about a type of intervention rather than about a single case – questions such as “Do these types of interventions work?” or “For whom, in what ways and under what circumstances […]
An evaluation usually involves some level of generalising of the findings to other times, places or groups of people. For many evaluations, this simply involves generalising from data about the current situation or the recent […]
From the first step of the evaluation process, even though it may be one of the last evaluation tasks, explicitly discuss the content, sharing, and use of reports during the initial planning of the evaluation […]
Before you begin to gather and analyze your data, consider how you can ensure your collection efforts will meet the reporting needs of your primary intended users. From the very beginning, reporting is an integral […]
You may develop a number of reports, in different formats, for different sets of stakeholders. Work with your primary users and stakeholders to determine when and in what form they want to receive evaluation reports. Also […]